.............. **Biomass**: The energy content of biomass materials like wood chips, agricultural residues, or hazelnut shells typically ranges from **10,000 to 22,000 kJ/kg**. This is the Lower Heating Value (LHV) which accounts for the energy used to evaporate water during combustion.

- **Oil Products**: In contrast, oil products such as gasoline, diesel, and crude oil have much higher energy contents, with values generally ranging from **42,000 to 47,000 kJ/kg**. This represents the Higher Heating Value (HHV), which includes the total energy content without accounting for water evaporation.............

Reference: IACPE Magazine,USA ;July 2024