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Glucose is a Sugar with the molecular formula C₆H₁₂O₆. Glucose is mainly made by plants and most algae during photosynthesis from Water and Carbon Dioxide, using energy from sunlight, where it is used to make Cellulose in Cell Walls. Glucose is found in its unbounded form in fruits and honey and is the major free Sugar circulating in the blood of higher animals. It is the source of energy in cell function, and the regulation of its metabolism is of great importance. Dextrose is the Molecule d-Glucose.

Glucose forms white or colorless solids that are highly soluble in Water and Acetic Acid but poorly soluble in Methanol and Ethanol. They melt at 146 °C (295 °F) (α) and 150 °C (302 °F) (β), and decompose starting at 188 °C (370 °F) with release of various volatile Products, ultimately leaving a residue of Carbon. Glucose has a pK value of 12.16 at 25 °C (77 °F) in water.

With six Carbon atoms, it is classed as a Hexose, a subcategory of the Monosaccharides. d-Glucose is one of the sixteen Aldohexose Stereoisomers. The d-Isomer, d-Glucose, also known as Dextrose, occurs widely in nature, but the l-Isomer, l-Glucose, does not. Glucose can be obtained by Hydrolysis of Carbohydrates such as milk sugar (Lactose), cane sugar (Sucrose), Maltose, Cellulose, Glycogen, etc. Dextrose is commonly commercially manufactured from cornstarch in the US and Japan, from potato and wheat starch in Europe, and from tapioca starch in tropical areas. The manufacturing Process uses Hydrolysis via pressurized Steaming at controlled pH in a jet followed by further enzymatic Depolymerization.

Source: Wikipedia, Glucose (accessed 24th Nov 2023)

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