Kerosene is a flammable hydrocarbon liquid distillate primarily derived from crude petroleum, consisting of a mixture of hydrocarbons with carbon chain lengths ranging from C₉ to C₁₆. It is a thin, clear to pale-yellow liquid with a characteristic, not-unpleasant odour, boiling between 150°C and 275°C (302°F–527°F). While kerosene can be extracted from alternative sources such as coal, oil shale, and wood, the overwhelming majority is produced via fractional distillation of crude oil in petroleum refineries.

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