Clockwise from top left: steel casting, pipeline, cookware, rebar, car body, building structure | Various sources

Steel is an alloy of iron and carbon, and the world's most important structural and engineering material. With annual production exceeding 1.9 billion tonnes, it is the backbone of the built environment, manufacturing, transportation, and energy infrastructure globally. Unlike pure iron, which is relatively soft, steel's properties are tuned across an enormous range through precise control of carbon content, alloying elements, and heat treatment — making it one of the most versatile materials ever developed.

Read the detailed steel profile here.

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