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Five differet routes to produce cryolite

The synthesis of sodium hexafluoroaluminate (Na₃AlF₆), the IUPAC name for synthetic cryolite, is an inorganic double-replacement (metathesis) reaction in which fluoride ions progressively substitute hydroxide or oxide ligands around aluminium, while sodium cations combine with the resulting [AlF₆]^3- complex to precipitate the final crystalline product. All industrial routes share the same three essential inputs: a fluorine source (hydrofluoric acid or fluorosilicic acid), an aluminium source (aluminium hydroxide, sodium aluminate, or aluminium fluoride), and a sodium source (soda ash, sodium hydroxide, or sodium chloride).

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